Tuesday, August 25, 2020

My Polish Teachers Tie Essay

Dunmore presents the connection among Carla and the head as though Carla detests him. † He sees his staff together for ten minutes once per week, and as normal he had a heap of papers before him.† This statement shows that Carla discovers him disagreeable, as 10 minutes out of multi week is anything but quite a while. She communicates this as though he ought to be all the more mindful towards the staff of the school. I think Dunmore added this bit of data to give the peruser a superior comprehension of Carla’s generally speaking associations with individuals in the school, as though they simply look over her, as though she is nothing. The piece of â€Å"as normal he had a heap of papers before him† gives us that Carla is considering what it must resemble to be the head, what it could resemble to be of significance, this is the reason she scorns him, in light of the fact that toward the beginning, she considers herself to be useless with the manner in which s he portrays her activity. During Carla’s journey of disclosure, she starts to lean a ton of things about herself which she had never come to acknowledge were her principle qualities which together, all made the unsure lady she is. Embarrassed about her vocation, Carla is depicted to under gauge what she is prepared to do. This supposition that is made from the outward input others give her and the manner in which they vary their personas. ‘Oh, er-Mrs, er-Carter’ Showing almost no information on his staff, the head instructor is shown to be a self-important, brassy, detached of an animal. With minute comprehension of who this reluctant woman is, this shows exactly how little he wants to think about it and that he wouldn’t ever make a special effort to get familiar with his staff and where they originate from. Obviously he doesn’t even know Carla’s name, quit worrying about her past nationality. Holing up behind her exterior, Carla is genuinely an embarrassed lady who is humiliated to disclose to her friend through correspondence what her vocation truly is about. As a peruser, I feel compassion towards Carla as the author has demonstrated her sentiments to be enthusiastic and concealed which is a way nobody has the right to feel. As a mother, Carla needs to cause herself to feel progressively sure by getting things done to other people. For instance, Carla needed to ‘Let him think I’d composed once and afterward not bothered.’ I feel this infers Carla needs Steve to feel she isn’t intrigued; giving herself a certainty support as this will make Carla accept that he is flourishing for her to answer, additionally implying that somebody does really need to converse with her. Writing to Steve has implied that he would turn out to be near Carla on account of who she is as an individual, not in view of her calling. Because of her absence of certainty, she accepts that she’d ‘Never had letters like that previously, and I was never going to again, not after Steve knew who I truly was.’ However, her clean friend through correspondence did really like her for what her identity was

Saturday, August 22, 2020

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Example for Free

How Do Critical Perspectives On Crime Differ From Traditional Essay Basic points of view on wrongdoing vary from different viewpoints in that they center around ways individuals and foundations react to wrongdoing and hoodlums. Basic points of view are frequently called social response speculations. The various hypotheses secured under basic points of view incorporate Labeling hypothesis, Conflict and radical hypothesis and women's activist hypothesis. Naming hypothesis expresses that aberrance isn't simply the demonstration that an individual submits; a freak name will lead us to be increasingly degenerate. Naming hypothesis is one of the most noteworthy points of view in the investigation of criminology. Among these hypotheses is the naming hypothesis which is one of the most critical speculations examined. Marking hypothesis embraces a relativist’s definition, by accepting that nothing about a given conduct naturally makes it freak. While customary hypotheses acknowledge the exactness of authority marking, for example, the capture and arraignment, Labeling hypothesis challenges the view and says some people’s conduct is bound to be named freak than others. Strife and Radical speculations take up where marking hypothesis leaves off. They contend that law is just constrained by the incredible and that they are frequently protected by the predominant, not at all like customary speculations that advance the law and stress the positive parts of it. One zone enlivened by women's activist work is frequently called sex proportion; it is the investigation of female rates is such a great amount of lower than male’s rates in vicious wrongdoings. Inside the women's activist hypotheses we have exploitation, contrasts in wrongdoings, Gender Differences, Masculinity. A lot of spotlight is highlighted on manliness of violations. Specialists contend that so as to diminish wrongdoing men must be mingled more and male strength must be enlightened. It was noted in Chapter 3 that we as of now work admirably of raising our young ladies not to be crooks, anyway how might we execute this into the manly side of things. Manliness and wrongdoing is the huge focal point of crafted by sex proportion issues. The issue as per sociologists is that wrongdoing is basically a male issue and we have to make sense of how we get to it being significantly less of an issue. Most violations against ladies are either created as a wrongdoing against a more vulnerable individual or a wrongdoing in light of the fact that the criminal is the prevailing one. It is by all accounts a twofold edge blade. Force Control hypothesis clarifies the degree of female guiltiness by inspecting the sexual orientation procedure of families. It features the jobs played by ladies and men in context to their group. Force Control hypothesis takes a gander at two essential segments, the first is Patriarchal family units in which just the dad works outside the home and the mother is left at home to think about the youngsters. In this sort of family unit young men get familiar with the manly jobs and young ladies become familiar with the feministic jobs. The other is libertarian, in which both the female authority and patriarch works outside the home, along these lines the direction isn't there to legitimize jobs which will in general lead to wrongdoing in both sexual orientation kids. Albeit most trial of Power control hypothesis produce blended outcomes. Feministic speculations show us exactly how inconsistent ladies are depicted in law and society. The primary issue with control hypothesis is a mother’s word related spot versus a father’s word related spot in the family. It centers around the perceived leverage and control and how this influences the child’s inclinations for chance taking. Criminal law separates murder and non-careless homicide into four subgroups: first degree murder, second degree murder, intentional murder and automatic murder. A portion of the examples depicted in our book remember geographic examples for which is chronicled with information measurements. It centers around the various districts and shows the most elevated measurements in the South, with the Northeast and Midwest being low to mid. As indicated by information the most elevated weapon utilized in crimes are handguns at 68 % with blades and gruff articles at 13%. Scientists state that the south is the most noteworthy level of wrongdoing because of the high temperature and swarmed urban zones. As indicated by our book (P200) a satisfactory clarification of manslaughter and exasperated ambush must answer the accompanying inquiries: Why does the United States have a higher crime rate than some other mechanical country? This is replied by inquire about that gives information that the Unite d States has more imbalance than different countries and along these lines this produces more wrongdoing. There is a tremendous contrast between the rich and poor people. The other explanation or answer given to this is in the United States more handguns are claimed, and since handguns are the significant reason for crimes, this additionally adds to the higher rates. Inside the United States, for what reason are manslaughter and exasperated ambush rates most noteworthy in the urban zones? This is best replied with Socialâ disorganization, anomie and strain hypothesis help clarify why wrongdoing as a rule is higher in urban territories; this incorporates higher populaces, denser zones of residence, family unit packing just as weather beaten day to day environments. There is likewise an opportunity of higher joblessness rates. For what reason do men submit practically all murders and irritated ambushes? The manliness hypotheses were raised in section 9, yet this inquiry is replied as this is by all accounts molded in pre-adulthood and the requirement for young men to grow up more grounded and better than ladies who are viewed as less prevailing. Destitution additionally connects with manliness, the intensity in families and social gatherings. For what reason do African-Americans and others of shading have high paces of crimes and irritated ambush, both as guilty parties and casualties? This inquiry is disclosed in comparative manners to those above. It has been an inquiry loaded with hard feelings and closely-held convictions. It could likewise be translated as a supremacist or cliché question. Since it is such a delicate subject most specialists go about it in clarifying how minorities have criminogenic basic and natural elements which cause their crime percentage to be higher. There is social disruption stress, the pressure of being denied and victimized. Likewise recorded are negative family and school encounters alongside the companion pressure from other freak young people that are regular in the urban zones. These components separate might not have a lot of impact, yet together it ends up being the ideal blend to put African Americans, particularly youthful African Americans at a higher hazard for wrongdoing. For which two kinds of rough wrongdoing are women’s paces of exploitation a lot higher than men’s exploitation rates? At what rates are ladies defrauded for these violations? Portray social legends supporting assault and battering that are talked about in the content Rape/rape and aggressive behavior at home/brutality carried out by underwear are at the highest priority on the rundown for wrongdoings submitted against ladies more than men. (P220) Our book expresses that ladies spoke to 89% of all rape violations and 79% of exasperated ambushes. A significant number of the social legends are engaged with abroad and underdeveloped nations which consider ladies to be assets or not exactly worth contrasted with a man. In India, just as Pakistan Dowry passings which kill a great many ladies are submitted day by day. These passings are endorsed as lawful or normally regulated by law authorization with installment. Share passings are submitted againstâ a lady of the hour by either a spouse or the husband’s family on the grounds that the bride’s settlement was not paid as it should be. Wartime assault and batteries is additionally high in different nations and regularly neglected in the legal framework. A portion of the legends engaged with these exploitations incorporate ladies â€Å"like† to be assaulted or they â€Å"ask† to be assaulted. Our book utilizes the initial scene in Gone With the Wind to communicate one of the numerous depictions of ladies getting a charge out of being explicitly ambushed , she is raced up-steps without wanting to, and afterward is appeared with a grin all over in the first part of the day. The other legend is that ladies request to be assaulted by the manner in which they dress or how they act. This has been a reason utilized by many, even today. The fault doesn't go on the abuser in these cases however takes a gander at how the lady was acting preceding the rape. For aggressive behavior at home and ambushes the ladies is again said to have â€Å"asked† for the beating by threatening the abuser. The lady is accused for saying or planning something for outrage the male and along these lines merited the beating or misuse they got. Ladies are likewise accused since they don't leave the abuser whenever they get an opportunity to leave, nor do they press charges whenever they regularly get the opportunity to. Ladies ordinarily don't leave injurious life partners since they are regularly the sole suppliers, ladies have youngsters and frequently no cash to leave or pay for lodging anyplace or lawful charges to separation or put limiting requests on abusers.

Tuesday, August 4, 2020

A Study of Step 8 of the 12 Steps Program

A Study of Step 8 of the 12 Steps Program May 24, 2018 Willing to Make Amends?. © Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Making a list of those harmed before coming into recovery may sound simple. Its becoming willing to actually make those amends is the difficult part. Step 8Made a list of all persons we had harmed, and became willing to make amends to them all. For the Alcoholics Anonymous member, the list usually begins with friends and family that have harmed by a long and tumultuous drinking career. But as recovery continues - and the fog begins to lift - many others are usually added to the list as the process continues. Like taking most of the 12 steps, this one is not necessarily a one-time event. It is a process that continues to unfold as more is revealed. Many Al-Anon members, however, are sometimes surprised to learn that the first person on their list is the alcoholic! As they begin to put the focus on themselves in the Al-Anon program and do their own inventory, many discover they owe amends to the alcoholic in their lives if for no other reason, blaming him/her for all the familys problems. Making the list is one thing. Become willing to actually make amends to those harmed is another. It can be a very humbling, but growing experience, to actually admit wrong-doing, especially to the person harmed. But the process can relieve those trying to recover from so much guilt! Here are the experiences of some visitors to this site who have worked the 12 steps: Step 8: Becoming Willing Step 8 is simply a list of people we have harmed. I was told that if I had done my 4th step inventory, that much of this list had been covered. The second part of the 8th step is to become willing to make the amends necessary. I didnt actually have to do anything in the way of amends just yet. This perspective relieved a little of the fear I had regarding making the list. I was advised to ask my higher power to guide me through this step as I had all the others. My sponsor asked me to look at my behavior whether drinking or not. Was I kind, tolerant and considerate of others, or was I mean spirited, impatient and selfish? What were my motives when dealing with family members, friends, co-workers etc. Was I hell-bent on getting only what I wanted and not concerned with what was right? Oh, and lets not forget the self-pity that I poured out on those from whom I was sure to extract sympathy. Upon looking at the 8th step in this light, the list grew by leaps and bounds. I now not only had a list of those whom I had resentments  but a list that included those I may have given resentments and caused harm. Promises made but not kept. Telling that homeless (surely lazy, drug-addicted alcoholic) to GET A JOB! There is no way of knowing exactly how many people I hurt through my insensitivity. Some of these amends would be direct. Humbling but not impossible. Others through changing my attitude and behavior by not perpetrating the old sick self-serving behavior on friends, family or strangers. If I work this step to the best of my ability, the promise of living a life free of isolation from my fellow man and God will come to be. My sobriety is the priority! I must be willing to go to any length to get it. So far its working, so I think Ill just keep coming back! Magic Step 8: Step Toward Maturity Making a list of the persons I have harmed is difficult because I would have to admit to being wrong. Its hard for me to be wrong because I have had to work miracles, endure all things and pull things together for so long. Making a list will help me to examine my behavior and take away the excuses. Just as I have maybe been able to point out all the inappropriate behaviors of others, I have to face my own. Thats a great step toward maturity. Elve Step 8: Letting Go of Hurts Step 8 forms the base for all future relationships. If we can let go of our previous hurts to others, we can begin a new facet of sobriety. As in the 4th step, the relief is enormous. We need to address omissions as well as the obvious. For me, that was the most difficult part. Carol Who Did I Harm? Who did I harm? Well, step 4 gave me guidelines as to who and how, and why, and I began step 4 with specific individuals who I directly harmed as a consequence of my drinking. Then as I progressed in this program, I re-read step 8 and discovered it said: all people we had harmed. That meant people I had harmed both during and prior to my drinking and drugging. Then, as I progressed further, and discovered that laws of physics apply to human emotion too, I realized that I had harmed many more than I believed at first. Consider the doorman who I shouted at for his insufferable incompetence. He took my rebuke to heart, took it home with him, yelled at his wife and kids, perhaps yelled at the train conductor. Consider the newsboy who broke my window, and who I gave a dressing down: Perhaps he dropped out of school, or just gave up on self-esteem. Everywhere I went, whatever I did or said, any action has an equivalent reaction. Suddenly my 8th step list got a lot longer. As it turned out, I had a high profile job for 12 years that caused me to interact with over 2,000,000 people. How many of them did I harm? How many did they harm after crossing my path? It became painfully obvious that I would never make amends to them all. I could make direct amends to those I directly harmed, but what about the nameless, faceless minions that were out there, and never knew they suffered because of me? You know what? The answer was already in the steps. This program is about becoming a better person, and improving ones life. It is about living life in an unselfish and compassionate way. It is about giving in order to receive. It is about taking more interest in our fellows. And by practicing these principles in all my affairs, I think I turned out to be a better person than I once was. So all those minions, all the poor people that I tread upon, all the people that reciprocated my actions towards others, and those others, well, it is my sincere hope that you now need not worry about suffering because of me. And maybe, just maybe, my continued sobriety makes the world a wee bit better place for you to live. Sox Step 8: Moving Forward Next to finding a higher power, of which I try and honestly commit to daily, I find this step difficult. Most of my life has been spent with a negative attitude and probably have harmed many along the way with this nature. The only thing I can do now is, not look to the past, but move forward and live by my newfound example of a trying positive attitude, look at the negative and try and find something good in what I have always found bad. It seems to be slowly working for me. I am lucky to have the full support of my family, who are positive people. Gregor Index of 12 Steps and Traditions Study

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Civil War The Greatest War - 1778 Words

The Civil War is one of the most important events that has ever taken place in history. It took place in America over a four span from 1861 to 1865 that involved the Union and the Confederate states of America at that time. Over three million people fought in the war and about 600,000 of those people were killed in the war. The Union had about 2,100,000 soldiers engaged in the war and the Confederacy had about 1,000,000 soldiers involved in the war. The war resulted from a lot of sectional differences that took place between the Union and the Confederacy. The Civil War is the greatest war that has ever taken place in America, because there so many different battles and so many important people that took place in the war. The first†¦show more content†¦The Battle of Bull Run happened shortly after the Battle of Fort Sumter on July 21, 1861. Even though the Battle of Fort Sumter was considered the start of the Civil War most people today say that the Battle of Bull Run was th e start of the war. The Battle of Bull Run was fought in Virginia just a couple of miles away from Washington D.C. . Popular fervor all around the world led to President Abraham Lincoln pushing a cautious general in McDowell, leader of the Union army in Virginia, to perform a surprise attack on the Confederate troops commanded by General Beauregard, who held a very strong position on the site of Bull Run. The goal of this battle was to take out a large majority of the Confederate army so the Union could open up the way to Richmond, Virginia which was the Confederate capital, and end the war. Early on the morning of July 21st both generals were thinking of their own specific plans trying to outsmart the enemy. Halting the success of the Confederate plan was the lack of communication and the failure of coordination throughout of their unit. The Union army, however, were overwhelmed by a very complicated plan that required a high level of concentration to carry out their plan. Fighting raged throughout the entire day going back and forth between the Union and Confederate armies. The Union army finally made a push on the Confederate army, despite a lot of impressive efforts by the Confederate forces toShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War : The Greatest And Most Catastrophic War Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War is an essential event in America s history. The Civil War determined what kind of nation the United States would be. Would it be a breakable confederation of absolute states or an indivisible nation with an absolute national government ? Northern victory of the war protected the United States as one nation and ended the foundation of slavery which had separated the country initially. However, those results came at the value of many lives.Nearly 625,000 American soldiers lives wereRead MoreThe Greatest Generals During The American Civil War1544 Words   |  7 PagesOn January 21, 1824 around midnight in Clarksburg, Virginia, now West Virginia, one of t he South’s greatest Generals during the American Civil War was born. This was Thomas Johnathan Jackson, also known as Stonewall Jackson. He was the third born out of four siblings. His parents were Julia Beckwith Neale and Johnathan Jackson (Stonewall Jackson). Jackson’s childhood was very rough. When he was two, his father and older sister died of typhoid fever within the same year. The death of his father causedRead MoreCivil War And Its Greatest Moral, Constitutional, And Political Crisis1248 Words   |  5 PagesLincoln is one of the â€Å"champions† of human life and dignity. He is one of the presidents in the US. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.By the 1850s, slavery was still legal in the southern United States, but had been general ly outlawed in the northern states, including Illinois, whoseRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln - the Greatest President1069 Words   |  5 PagesLincoln. Abraham Lincoln is the greatest president ever because he did great things such as ending slavery, getting the us through the Civil War, and helped our country a lot. The American Civil War was a war between the Southern states and the Confederate states. Abraham Lincoln was not very prepared for the war militarily, but he knew about war. His time in office was peaceful for about a month and he was the only president whose whole presidency was focused on war. Lincoln took care of both theRead MoreUnderstanding The Civil War1710 Words   |  7 Pages Civil War Chris Cowan HIS/155 November 11, 2015 Civil War Understanding the Civil War is very important, to understand the way America has been shaped through out the past couple of centuries. Shelby Foote, a historian, believed that the Civil War defines the people in America. The Civil War was a war involving the North (The Union) and the South (The Confederates) who had different points of view over whether or not slavery was justified. Ultimately around 600,000 Americans lost theirRead MoreAdvancements in Med-Care since the Civil War Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Civil War often gets credit for ending slavery and reshaping the federal government in this country. But the war between the states has another, often overlooked legacy: It may have started a new era in modern medicine† (â€Å"Civil War Medicine Quotes†). Contamination of medical equipment, poor sanitation methods, and lack of efficient medical procedures all led to the spread of disease, which resulted in death. However, modern medicine has significantl y improved from the Civil War, due to itsRead More American Civil War Essay796 Words   |  4 Pages The American Civil War In 1860, arguably the worlds greatest nation was locked in Civil War. The war divided the country between the North (Union) and South (Confederate). The war lasted five years and by 1865 the Confederate forces were truly beaten. Out of this horrendous war though, where some 600,000 men died grew a greater sense of nationalism than is today, unrivalled around the world. The American Civil War is interpreted differently by many historians but most see the catalyst as slaveryRead MoreEssay On The Causes Of The Civil War896 Words   |  4 PagesCivil War- noun- a war between political factions or regions within the same country. The regions in the Civil War of 1860 that took place in 1860-1864 were the North and the South. They had different beliefs that eventually sent them into war. The 3 main causes of this civil war were: states’ rights, economy, and most importantly, slavery. The first of the three main causes is states’ rights. The south believed they had the right to take their slaves to the new states being admitted into the UnionRead MoreCivil War as the Second American Revolution Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War could easily be seen as the second American Revolution considering it brought about significant change in history in the political, social, and economic aspects. Prior to the civil war, there had been a policy of slavery in the South which was a main cause of the conflict between the Union and the Confederacy. In the post-war period, slavery had been abolished which brought about much change in not only the social but economic aspect as well. There are many points from which the CivilRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln, A Great Leader in American History781 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of the United States of America, many great people have directed toward success. The American nation has been honored with man y of the greatest people in history, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and James Madison. Abraham Lincoln is considered one of the most greatest president in US History. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12,1809 in Hodgenville, Kentucky. He is known for his leadership and skills as president along with his pleasant personality

Monday, May 11, 2020

Business Law ( Negotiation And Conflict Management )

Amir Salar Tavangar Business Law (Negotiation and Conflict Management) Work Assignment #1 September 10, 2015 Fall 2015 Negotiation is a method by which people settle differences. As our book describes â€Å"it is also a form of decision making in which two or more parties talk to one another as opposing their opposing interest†. Therefore, each negation has to have a certain components in order to be qualified as negotiation. First, there should be at least two or more than two parties that have a disagreement and want to reach to an outcome. As a result, as it was discussed in class if a person is debating what he should have for lunch today, it is not considered to be an act of negation. Secondly, there should be a conflict which means two†¦show more content†¦For example, if we have a pie and there are ten people negotiating over it, one might ask for half of that pie and that leaves the other nine people with the other half so that means one person gained half of the pie in expense of other nine people. This process usually is referred to a win-lose situations in which one party i s a winner and the other party or parties are losers. Parties involved in these processes are usually seeking for intangible factors such as need to win or beat the other party in the negotiation as well as the tangible factors which are the terms and prices of the contract. In zero sum approach, we will use a distributive bargaining method which means the goal of one party always oppose the goal of others. There is only one pie and it has to get divided by the cost of others. Everyone negotiate solely to win and future relations will not matter after the deal is sealed and signed. Most purchases in our day to day life will follow this technic. As an example that we talked about in class, when we enter to an antique shop and offer fifty dollar for an item that they are asking a thousand dollar for and both parties will make counter offers until one person gives up and let the item go for a certain price According to the text book, in order to get the best result out of a negotiation, each party in a distributive bargaining negotiation needs to know their resistance and

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Night World Black Dawn Chapter 13 Free Essays

I think,† Jeanne said, â€Å"that he’s here to get Delosto close the Dark Kingdom out Shut up the castleand come join him Outside. And, incidentally, ofcourse, kill all the slaves.† Maggie stared. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘Kill them all?’ â€Å"Well, it makes sense. Nobody would needthem anymore.† â€Å"And that’s why you were escaping now,† Maggiesaid slowly. Jeanne gave her a quick, startled glance. â€Å"You’rereally not as stupid as you seem at first sight, you know?† â€Å"Gee, thanks.† Maggie shifted on her branch. Aminute ago she’d been thinking how good it would feel to get away from the twigs poking her. Now she suddenly wanted to stay here forever, hiding.She had a very bad feeling. â€Å"So why,† she said, forming her thoughtsslowly,†doesHunter Redfern want to do thisright now?† â€Å"What do youthink? Really, Maggie, what do you know about all this?† Four Wild Powers,Maggie thought, hearing Delos’s old teacher’s voice in her mind. Who willbeneeded at the millennium, to save the world-or todestroy it. â€Å"I know that something’s happening at the millennium, and that Delos is a Wild Power, and thatthe Wild Powers are supposed to do something-â€Å" â€Å"Save the world,† Jeanne said in a clipped voice.†Except that that’s not what the Night People want.They figure there’s going to be some huge catastrophe that’ll wipe out most of the humansand then they can take over. And that’s why Hunter Redfern’shere. He wants the Wild Powers on his side insteadof on the humans’. He wants them to help destroythe human world instead of saving it. And it lookslike he’s just about convinced Delos.† Maggie let out a shaky breath and leaned herhead against a branch. It was just like what Deloshad told her-except that Jeanne was an uninterested party. She still wanted not to believe it, but she had a terrible sinking feeling. In fact, she had a strange feeling of weight,as if something awfulwas trying to settle on her shoulders. â€Å"The millennium really means the end of theworld,† she said. â€Å"Yeah. Our world, anyway.† Maggie glanced atP.J., who was swinging her thin legs over the edge of a branch. â€Å"You stillokay?† P.J. nodded. She looked frightened, but not unbearably so. She kept her eyes on Maggie’s face trustingly. â€Å"And do youstill want to go to the castle?†Jeanne said, watching Maggie just as closely.†Hunter Redfern is a very bad guy to mess with.And I hate to tell you, but your friend Prince Delosis out for our blood just like the rest of them.† â€Å"No, I don’t still wantto go,† Maggie said briefly. Her head went down and she gave Jeanne a brooding look under her eyelashes. `But I have to, anyway. I’ve got even more reasons now.† â€Å"Such as?† Maggie held up a finger. â€Å"One, I’ve got to. gethelp for Cady.† She glanced at the motionless figure clinging trancelike to the fir’s trunk, then held upanother finger. â€Å"Two, I have to find out what happened to my brother.† Another finger. â€Å"And, three,I have to get those slaves free before Hunter Redfern has them all killed.† â€Å"You have to what?†Jeanne said in a muffled shriek. She almost fell out of the tree. â€Å"I kind of thought you’d react that way. Don’tworry about it. You don’t have to get involved.† â€Å"I was wrong before. You areas dumbasyoulook. And you are totally freaking crazy.† Yeah, I know, Maggie thought grimly. It’s probably justas well I didn’t mention the fourth reason. Which was that she had to keep Delos from aiding and abetting the end of the world. That wasthe responsibility that had settled on her, and she had no idea why it was hers except that she’d been inside his mind. She knew him. She couldn’t justwalk away. If anybody could talk to him about it and convince him not to do it, she could. She had absolutely no doubt about that. So it was her job to try. And if he was really as evil as Jeanne seemed tothink-if it was true that he’d killed Miles†¦ well, then she had a different job. She had to do whatever was necessary to stophim. Distant and impossible as it seemed, shewould have to kill him if that was what it took. â€Å"Come on,† she said to the other girls. â€Å"Cady, do you think you can climb down now? And, Jeanne,do you know a way into the castle?† The moat stank. Maggie had been glad to find Jeanne knew a wayinto the castle. That was before she discovered that it involved swimming through stagnant water and climbing up what Jeanne called a garderobe butwhat was all too obviously the shaft of an oldlatrine. â€Å"Just kill me, somebody,† Maggie whispered halfway up. She was soaking wet and daubed with un thinkable slime. She couldn’t remember ever beingquite this dirty. The next moment she forgot about it in her worryabout Cady. Cady had managed the swim, still doing everything she was told asif she werein a trance. But now she was getting shaky. Maggiewondered seriously whether this sort of activity was helpful to somebody who’d been poisoned. When they werefinally at the top of the shaft,Maggie looked around and saw a small room thatseemed to be built directly into the castle wall. Everything was made of dark stone, with a cold and echoing feel to it. â€Å"Don’t make any noise,† Jeanne whispered. Shebent close to Maggie, who was helping support Cady. â€Å"We need to go down a passage and throughthe kitchen, okay? It’s all right if slaves see us, butwe have to watch out for them.† â€Å"We’ve got to get Cady to a healing woman-â€Å" â€Å"I know! That’s where I’m trying to take you.†Jeanne clamped a hand on P.J.’s shoulder and steered her into a corridor. More stone. More echoes. Maggie tried to walkwithout her shoes squishing or smacking. She wasdimly impressed with the castle itself-it was grandand cold and so huge that she felt like an insect making her way through the passage. After what seemed like an endless walk, theyemerged in a small entryway partitioned off bywooden screens. Maggie could hear activity behind the screens andas Jeanne led them stealthily forward, she caught a glimpse of people moving onthe other side. They were spreading white tablecloths over long wooden tables in a room thatseemed bigger than Maggie’s entire house. Another doorway. Another passage. And finallythe kitchen, which was full of bustling people. Theywere stirring huge iron cauldrons and turning meaton spits. The smell of a dozen different kinds offood hit Maggie and made her feel faint. She was so hungry that her knees wobbled and she had to swallow hard. But even more than hungry, she was scared. They were in plain sight of dozens of people. â€Å"Slaves,† Jeanne said shortly. â€Å"They won’t tell onus. Grab a sack to wrap around you and come on.And, P.J.,take off that ridiculous hat.† Slaves, Maggie thought, staring. They were alldressed identically, in loose-fitting pants and topsthat were like short tunics. Jeanne was wearing thesame thing-it had looked enough like clothes from Outside that Maggie hadn’t really focused on it before. What struck her now was that everybodylooked so†¦ un-ironed. There were no sharp creases. And no real color. All the clothes were an indeterminate shade of beige-brown, and all thefaces seemed just as dull and faded They were like drones. What would it be like to live that way? she wondered as she threw a rough sack around her shoulders to hide the dark blue of her jacket. Without any choice in what you do, and any hope for thefuture? It would be terrible, she decided. And it mightjust drive you crazy. I wonder if any of them ever †¦snap? But she couldn’t look around anymore. Jeanne was hustling through a doorway into the open air.There was a kind of garden here just outside the kitchen, with scraggly fnut trees and what lookedlike herbs. Then there was a courtyard andfinallya row of huts nestled against the high black wall that surrounded the castle. â€Å"This is the really dangerous part,† Jeanne whispered harshly. â€Å"It’s the back, but if one of them looks out and sees us, we’re in trouble. Keep yourhead down-and walk like this. Like a slave.† Sheled them at a shufflingrun toward a hut. This place is like a city, Maggie thought. A cityinside a wall, with the castle in the middle. They reached the shack. Jeanne pulled the door open and bustled them inside. Then she shut the door again and sagged. â€Å"I think we actually made it.† She sounded surprised. Maggie was looking around. The tiny room was dim, but she could see crude furniture and piles ofwhat looked like laundry. â€Å"This is it? We’re safe?† â€Å"Nowhere is safe,† Jeanne said sharply. â€Å"But wecan get some slave clothes for you here, and we can rest. And I’ll go get the healing woman,† sheaddedas Maggie opened her mouth. While she was gone, Maggie turned to Cady andP.J. They were both shivering. She made Cady lie down and had P.J. help her go through one of the piles of laundry. â€Å"Get your wet things off,† Maggie said. Shepulled off her own hightops and shrugged out ofher sodden jacket. Then she knelt to get Cady’sshoes off. The blind girl was lying motionless on athin pallet, and didn’t respond to Maggie’s touch.Maggie was worried about her. Behind her, the door opened and Jeanne camein with two people. One was a gaunt and handsome woman, with dark hair pulled untidily back and anapron over her tunic and pants. The other was ayoung girl who looked frightened. â€Å"This is Laundress.† The way Jeanne said it, itwas clearly a proper name. â€Å"She’s a healer, and the girl’s her helper.† Relief washed through Maggie. â€Å"This is Cady,†she said. And then, since nobody moved and Cady couldn’t speak for herself, she went on, â€Å"She’s fromOutside, and she was poisoned by the slave traders. I’m not sure how long ago that was-at least a couple of days. She’s been running a high fever andmost of the time she’s just sort of sleepwalking-â€Å" â€Å"What is this?† The gaunt woman took a step toward Cady, but her expression was anything but welcoming. Then she turned on Jeanne angrily.†How could you bring this-thing-in here?† Maggie froze where she was by Cady’s feet.†What are you talkingabout? She’s sick-â€Å" â€Å"She’s one of them!† The woman’s eyes wereburning darkly at Jeanne. â€Å"And don’t tell me you didn’t notice. It’s perfectly plain!† â€Å"What’sperfectly plain?† Maggie’s fists were clenched. â€Å"Jeanne, what’s she talking about?† The woman’s burning eyes turned on her. â€Å"Msgirl is a witch.† Maggie went still. Part of her was amazed and disbelieving. Awitch? Like Sylvia? A Night Person? Cady wasn’t at all like that. She wasn’t evil. Shewas normal,a nice, ordinary, gentle girl. She couldn’tbe anything supernatural†¦. But another part of Maggie wasn’t even startled.It was saying that at some deep level she had known all along. Her mind was bringing up pictures. Cady in thehollow tree, when she and Maggie were hidingfrom Bern and Gavin. Cady’s lips moving and Gavin saying I can’t feelthem at all. The hound today had said the same thing. I can’t follow theirlifeforce anymore. She was blocking them from sensing us, Maggiethought. And she was the one who told us to climbthe tree. She’s blind, but she can see things. It’s true. She turned slowly to look at the girl lying onthe pallet. Cady was almost perfectly still, her breathingbarely lifting her chest. Her hair was coiled around her head like damp snakes, her face was smudgedand dirty, her lashes spiky on her cheeks. Butsomehow she hadn’t lost any of her serene beauty. It remained untouched, whatever happened to herbody. I don’t care, Maggie thought. She may be a witch,but she’s not like Sylvia. I know she’s not evil. She turned back to Laundress, and spoke carefully and deliberately. â€Å"Look, I understand that you don’t like witches.But this girl has been with us for two days, and allshe’s done is help us. And, I mean, look at her!†Maggie lost her reasonable tone. â€Å"They were bring ing her here as a slave! She wasn’t getting any special treatment. She’s not on their side!† â€Å"Too bad for her,† Laundress said. Her voice wasflat and †¦plain. The voice of a woman who saw things in black and white and didn’t like arguments. And who knew how to back up her beliefs. Onebig gaunt hand, went beneath her apron, into a hid den pocket. When it came out again, it was gripping a kitchen knife. â€Å"Wait a minute,† Jeanne said. Laundress didn’t look at her. â€Å"Friends of witchesare no friends of ours,† she said in her plain, heavyway. â€Å"And that includes you.† With one motion, Jeanne wheeled away from herand into a fighting stance. â€Å"You’re right. I knewwhat she was. I hated her, too, at first. But it’s like Maggie told you. She’s not going to hurt us!† â€Å"I’m not going to miss a chance to kill one of them,† Laundress said. â€Å"And if you try to stop me, you’ll be sorry.† Maggie’s heart was pounding. She looked backand forth from the tall woman, who was holdingthe knife menacingly, to Jeanne, who was crouchedwith her teeth bared and her eyes narrowed. They were ready to fight. Maggie found herself in the middle of the room,in a triangle formed by Cady and Jeanne and theknife. She was too angry to be frightened. â€Å"You put that down,†she said to Laundressfiercely, forgetting that she was speaking to anadult. â€Å"You’re notgoingto do anything with that. How can you even try?† Vaguely, she noticed movement behind the woman. The frightened young girl who hadn’t saidanything so far was stepping forward. She was staring at Maggie, pointing at Maggie. Her eyes andmouth were wide open, but her voice was an indrawn breath. â€Å"The Deliverer!† Maggie hardly heard the gasped words. She wasrushing on. â€Å"If you people don’t stick together,what kind of chance do you have? How can youever get free-â€Å" t’s her!†This time the girl shrieked it, and nobody could help but hear. She clutched at Laundress’s arm wildly. â€Å"You heard what she said,Laundress. She’s come to free us.† â€Å"What are you talking a-?†Jeanne broke off, looking at Maggie with her eyebrows drawn together. Suddenly the eyebrows flew up and she straightened slightly from her crouch. â€Å"Hmm.† Maggie stared back. Then she followed all their eyes and looked down at herself in bewilderment. For the first time since she’d arrived in the DarkKingdom she wasn’t wearing her jacket and hershoes. She was wearing exactly what she’d beenwearing when her mother’s screams woke her threedays beforeher flowered pajama top, wrinkled jeans, and mismatched socks. â€Å"‘She will come clothed in flowers, shod in blueand scarlet,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ the girl was saying. She was stillpointing at Maggie, but now it was with something like reverence. â€Å"‘And she will speak of freedom.’You heard her, Laundress! It’s her. She’s the one!† The knife trembled slightly. Maggie stared at thered knuckles of the hand holding it, then looked up at Laundress’s face. The blotchy features were grim and skepticalbut there was an odd gleam of half-stifled hope inthe eyes. â€Å"Is she the one?† she said harshly toJeanne. â€Å"Is this idiot Soaker right? Did she say she’scome to deliver us?† Jeanne opened her mouth, then shut it again.She looked helplessly at Maggie. And, unexpectedly, P.J. spoke up. â€Å"She told usshe had to get the slaves free before Hunter Redfern had them all killed,† she said in her light,strong child’s voice. She was standing straight, her slender body drawn to its fullest height. Her blondhair shone pale above her small earnest face. Her words had the unmistakable ring of truth. Something flashed in Jeanne’s eyes. Her lipquirked, then she bit it. â€Å"She sure did. And I toldher she was crazy.† â€Å"And in the beginning, when Jeanne showed herwhat they do to escaped slaves here, Maggie said it had to stop.† P.J.’s voice was still clear and confident. â€Å"She said she couldn’t let them do thingslike that to people.† â€Å"She said we couldn’t let them do things likethat,† Jeanne corrected. â€Å"And she was crazy again.There’s no way to stop them.† Laundress stared at her for a moment, then turned her burning gaze on Maggie. Her eyes wereso fierce that Maggie was afraid she was going to attack. Then, all at once, she thrust the knife backin her pocket. `Blasphemer!† she said harshly to Jeanne. â€Å"Don’ttalk about the Deliverer that way! Do you want totake away our only hope?† Jeanne raised an eyebrow. â€Å"Youwere the one about to take it away,† she pointed out. Laundress glared at her. Then she turned to Maggie and a change came over her gaunt features. Itwasn’t much; they still remainedassevere and grim as ever, but there was something like a bleak smile twisting her mouth. â€Å"If you are the Deliverer,† she said, â€Å"you’ve gotyour work cut out for you.† â€Å"Just everybody hang on one second,† Maggiesaid. Her head was whirling. She understood whatwas going on – sort of. These people believed shewas some legendary figure come to save them. Because of a prophecy-they seemed to have a lot ofprophecies around here. But she couldn’t really be their Deliverer. She knew that. She was just an ordinary girl. Andhadn’t anybody else ever worn a flowered top inthis place? Well maybe not. Not a slave anyway. Maggie looked at Laundress’s clothes again with new eyes.If they all wore this sort of thing, hand sewn and plain as a burlap sack, maybe a machine-made topwith bright colors and a little wilted lace would look like something from a legend. And I bet nobody wears red and blue socks, shethought and almost smiled. Especially at once. She remembered how Sylvia had looked at them. Normally she would have been terribly embarrassed by that, perfect Sylvia looking at her imperfections. But the socks had been what started heron this whole journey by convincing her that Sylviawas lying. And just now they’d saved her life. IfLaundress had attacked Jeanne or Cady, Maggie would have had to fight her. But I’m still not the Deliverer, she thought. I haveto explain that to them†¦. â€Å"And since she’s the Deliverer, you’re going tohelp us, right?† Jeanne was saying. â€Å"You’re going to heal Cady and feed us and hide us and everything? And help Maggie find out what happened toher brother?† Maggie blinked, then grimaced. She could see Jeanne looking at her meaningfully. She shut hermouth. â€Å"I’ll help you any way I can,† Laundress said.†But you’d better do your part. Do you have a plan, Deliverer?† Maggie rubbed her forehead. Things were happening very fast-but even if she wasn’t the Deliverer, she hadcome to help the slaves get free. Maybe it didn’t matter what they called her. She looked at Cady again, then at Jeanne, and at P.J., who was staring at her with shining confidence in her young eyes. Then she looked at thegirl named Soaker, who was wearing the sameexpression. Finally she looked into the gaunt, hard-bittenface of Laundress. There was no easy confidencehere, but there was that half-stifled look of hopedeep in the burning gaze. â€Å"I don’t have a plan yet,† she said. â€Å"But Ill comeup with one. And I don’t know if I can really helpyou people. But I’ll try.† How to cite Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 13, Essay examples

Thursday, April 30, 2020

The Story Behind the Nazi Gold Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Story Behind the Nazi Gold Essay Thesis Nazi Gold: Hard currency looted from treasuries of countries occupied by the Axis powers during World War II. Ingots consisting of gold melted down from the teeth of murder victims and weddings bands and jewelry. About two thirds of an estimated $660 million ($7. 8 billion in todays dollars) in stolen Nazi gold passed through Switzerland during the war. And like any sharp businessmen with hot goods, the Swiss disposed of much of their gold quickly through Portugal mainly, but also to Sweden, Spain, and other central banks (Hirsh 48). Probably no more that $140 million remains unaccounted for, and a good portion of that was probably sold onward as well. But what remains of the known Nazi hoard (none of which has been returned to the Jewish community) is worth no more than about $65 million according to the Brussels-based Tripartite Gold Commission, set up after World War II to return stolen gold to national treasuries. Recently the Clinton administration created a commission to search for any Nazi funds that might have ended up in U.S. Federal Reserve vaults. We have to be willing not only to focus the spotlight on Switzerland, says Under Secretary of Commerce Stuart Eizenstat. We have to be willing to follow the trail of assets into our own treasury (qtd. in Hirsh 47). This trail though, suggests that there is no huge stash of Nazi gold in Switzerland. The loot has scattered worldwide through numerous transactions and is probably irretrievable. Also, because so many banks were involved, theamount of gold left in Switzerland is probably negligible, contrary to what investigators have until now presumed. At this point the cost or returning the Nazi Gold to its rightful owners is not worth the trouble and inconvenience it would create.Documents released in recent months have made it clear that Swiss banks traded in looted Nazi-gold, and that Swiss businesses made a fortune selling arms to the Nazis. In a historical report published around May 9,1997, it was said that there was no evidence that the Swiss or other neutral countries knew that gold from the central banks had been smelted together with gold fillings, wedding bands, and other jewelry stolen from Holocaust victims (Sanger). But, Eizenstat found incontrovertible evidence that Swiss bankers knew they were trading in gold that Germany had looted from the treasuries of states it occupied, and also a handwritten ledger sheet from the Reichsbank showed a deposit of 29,996 grams of dental gold into a Swiss account (A harsh). This confirms that the Nazis melted down and recirculated gold extracted from the teeth of murdered Jews and other death camp victims. It also proves the involvement and knowledge of dealings with gold extracted from teeth of murdered victims by the Swiss in that there were depositsmadeintotheiraccounts. Germany also sent Switzerland via diplomatic pouch packages of jewelry, looted from Jewish persecutees, to be exchanged for industrial diamonds and foreign currency essential to the German war effort (Sanders). From this evidence we see that the Swiss acted as the Nazis principal bankers and after the war took a legalistic stance to hold onto their ill-gotten gains, returning only $58 million worth of gold (Chesnoff). Some argue that the Swiss should have given up all of the gold, but why should they? It was business after all. Many Swiss argue that what Switzerland did was done for survivals sake, but their critics assert that it was Wieckowski 3 done of opportunism and amorality and should be paid for in both moral and financial terms (Cowell)During WWII, the German threat to Switzerland was real, not imaginary or exaggerated. After the collapse of France in 1940, historically neutral Switzerland was virtually surrounded by axis-dominated territory. After the Germans occupied Vichy, France in the fall of 1942, Switzerland was entirely cut off from the outside world. .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 , .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 .postImageUrl , .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 , .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3:hover , .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3:visited , .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d4 4861a812a3:active { border:0!important; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3:active , .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4ca8bd6a1c2 7849efc31d44861a812a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3 .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4ca8bd6a1c27849efc31d44861a812a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: America?s involvem ent in World War Two Essay

Saturday, March 21, 2020

Pax Romana essays

Pax Romana essays Aelius Aristides obviously believes there are many benefits to the Pax Romana. Aristides feels that having a centrally run government is the best way for an empire to thrive. Through this government, greater trade is capable and no rebellions will occur. Another benefit is the concept of equality. Everyone living under the Roman Empire has citizenship and is therefore is equal. The governor sets an example of the proper way to be a citizen. In turn, the subjects follow by example, thus, order and peace reign throughout. First of all, this speech was given in front of the Emperor. You cannot speak pessimistically of your ruler to his face. Secondly, Aelius Aristides is living in Greece during a time of peace. This peace is very unique and well received in Greece particularly. Living in Greece, Aristides may not see the flaws of the Republic or he just might not care. He would like this peace to last thus giving him a biased viewpoint. The exaggeration used is a means for propaganda. While Aristides knows there are flaws, the good outweighs the bad. I believe Aristides portrayal of the Pax Romana is a fair one. Nowadays, you cannot open the paper without reading about a hostage situation in Russia or a bomb going off in the Middle East. I am a firm believer that the ends justify the means. Yes the Roman Republic was fairly corrupted. Elections were rigged and the citizens really had no political power. The fact of the matter is, between 27 B.C. and A.D. 180, no major wars were fought. The economy went through ups and downs like it always does, but the governmental system in place was structured around equality and assimilation. This proved to be successful and enduring. ...

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Beware of Wielding Unwieldy Jargon

Beware of Wielding Unwieldy Jargon Beware of Wielding Unwieldy Jargon Beware of Wielding Unwieldy Jargon By Mark Nichol This post pertains to the pitfalls of employing jargon to convey ideas without considering that colorful usage may confound instead of convey. I once edited a book that referred to â€Å"dual-wielding pistols,† a reference to the trademark weapons of a movie character: a brace of flintlock pistols. Mentally shaking my head in mild consternation, I revised what I considered an exceedingly awkward and misleading effort to express that the character routinely fought with both guns at once- a dynamic image commonly seen in action films, but one that depicts a strategy seldom employed in real life. As it turns out (meaning, I did some research), the phrase is valid, but not as the author employed it. Websites and publications devoted to firearms sometimes refer to dual-wielding handguns- but with dual-wielding operating as a phrasal verb, not a phrasal adjective. One can use the phrase to refer to the action of firing two handguns at once (â€Å"Is dual-wielding pistols practical?†). However, because no firearms are specifically designed to be used in parallel- presumably (meaning, my research didn’t turn up any such weaponry), there is no such thing as dual-wielding pistols- there is no reason for such phrasing. Therefore, though the phrase exists, it was not correct as employed. And even if it had been used as a phrasal verb, although any reasonably intelligent reader could be expected to understand the phrase, because it is jargon, it would be more courteous to all readers to simply write something like â€Å"wielding two pistols at once.† The lesson for writers is, one can be clear, concise, or both, but if you must choose between clear and concise, be clear. Speaking of phrasal adjectives, one hallmark of jargon is to omit hyphenation in some such phrases, as they are understood to be terms of art (words or phrases understood by a certain readership and not requiring explanation or the hand-holding treatment hyphenation provides). Therefore, although the phrasal adjective in, for example, â€Å"data-governance initiatives† would generally be hyphenated in lay publications to clarify that the reference is to initiatives regarding governance of data, not governance initiatives pertaining to data, publishers of content intended for readers familiar with the concept might consider the helpful hyphen superfluous. (For clarity and consistency, such publishers should codify this style in a manual accessible- and familiar- to a publications writers and editors.) In publications intended for the general public, however, dictionary usage should guide writers and editors in treatment of phrasal adjectives. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?Connotations of 35 Words for Funny PeopleTitled versus Entitled

Monday, February 17, 2020

James Joyce's The Dead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

James Joyce's The Dead - Essay Example n in the following lines: â€Å"A light fringe of snow lay like a cape on the shoulders of his overcoat and like toecaps on the toes of his goloshes; and, as the buttons of his overcoat slipped with a squeaking noise through the snow- stiffened frieze, a cold fragrant air from out-of-doors escaped from crevices and folds†. There are other common allusions to the near freezing Dublin weather in which the story is set. The instance when Gretta Conroy, Gabriel’s wife caught cold infection is again a literal citing of the word â€Å"cold†. The sole occasion when â€Å"cold† was used in the metaphorical sense is when Gabriel replies unenthusiastically to Gretta that â€Å"You can go if you like, said Gabriel coldly†. Talking of the dark aspects of the story, in the context of Gabriel’s address to the gathering, he mentions how â€Å"our path through life is strewn with many sad memories† and continues in a morbid tone, how â€Å"were we to brood upon them always we could not find the heart to go on bravely with our work among the living" and further in the narrative he says â€Å"His soul had approached that region where dwelt the vast hosts of the dead†. This poignant remembrance of his own past had shaken up his composure. Gabriel had now been overwhelmed by a sense of losing his love and the pain associated with it. Joyce depicts the state he is in with the following dark imagery: â€Å"into a grey impalpable world", "all the living and the dead". As for the â€Å"light† in The Dead, there are again two interpretations – one is light as in humor and frivolity the other is insight or revelation. There are plenty of instances of both cases. Phrases such as â€Å"laughing very heartily†, â€Å"There was a great deal of confusion and laughter and noise†, â€Å"The table burst into applause and laughter at this sally†, â€Å"She laughed herself this time good-humouredly†, etc represent the light-hearted elements in the narrative. Light as brightness can be seen in

Monday, February 3, 2020

The Commerce Clause Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Commerce Clause - Case Study Example The state’s statute establishes that all trucks and trailers that are entering and operating within the state’s soil and roads must have contoured rear-fender mudguards and explicitly illegalizes trucks and trailers using straight mudguards. In so doing, the Georgian state government deliberately barred and interfered with trade and commerce across states by enacting a law legalizing unstandardized truck mudguards. The state contravened Artic 1, Section 8 of the American constitution that gave congress authority to regulate commerce and trade with foreign nations and between states (TA 102). When Georgia singles itself out to have its legal recommendation for trucks and trailers’ mudguards, it becomes as situation of business and commerce seclusion from other states. Georgia also contravened the legal tradition established and held by the Supreme Court in 1824 that the American government possesses the legal authority to regulate commerce if other states are substantially affected, as well. Georgia sought to single itself out at the expense of other states. However, there was a possibility of the impacts rebound back to t in 1824, that and trailers unstandardized 0000000000000000000000000000000Georgia in the case of trade and commercial excommunication and

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Causes of the Development of Pakistans Banking Sector

Causes of the Development of Pakistans Banking Sector ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of development of banking sector from the perspective of Real GDP, Discount rate, Trade openness and Financial Liberalization by using annual data from 1970 to 2007. In this study, Liquid Liabilities, Private sector credit and Domestic credit are used as indicator of banking sector development. The finding of this research shows negative relationship between Trade openness and development of banking sector development. Discount rate is having a significant impact on banking sector development when Private sector credit and Domestic credit is used as the indicator while Real GDP is found significant when Liquid Liabilities and Domestic credit is used as indicator of Banking sector Development. Generalized form of data has been used in this study. Keywords: Banking Sector development, Real GDP, Trade openness, Discount Rate, Financial Liberalization INTRODUCTION The financial sector of Pakistan has shown a substantial growth in past few years, however there is still need for continuous development. The financial sector of Pakistan consists of a variety of specialized financial institutions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" commercial banks, DFIs, NBFCs, micro finance banks, Islamic banks, Modarbas, Stock Exchange and Insurance companies. Thus the whole financial sector of Pakistan offers a wide range of products and services to its customers. (Zaidi, 2005) states that growth of financial sector is significantly related with economic growth therefore, country needs well developed financial sector in order to fully utilize the financial resources. Banking system has a significant importance in financial market. Banking Sector of Pakistan is an important financial intermediary and responsible for the economic growth in the country. In 1990, Denationalization of Government owned banks have changed the overall scenario of the banking sector of Pakistan. After the amendments in banking companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ordinance, Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB) and Allied bank Limited (ABL) were denationalized in 1991 and 1993 respectively. The process of denationalization remains suspended for numbers of years and was restarted in early 2000s, when United Bank Limited (UBL) was privatized. In 2004, Habib Bank Limited (HBL) was also denationalized and due to which, the asset share of public sector banks was reduced to 25% at that time. In the last decade, state bank of Pakistan has made several efforts in promoting the Islamic modes of financing. In 2002, the first Islamic bank was established under the name of Meezan bank. Since then, the number of Islamic banks has been opened. Various traditional ban ks are now opening Islamic specialized branches. At the end of 2009, total assets of the Islamic banking have reached to 366.3 billions and the deposits in Islamic banks have reached to 282.6 billions  [1]  . At the end of calendar year 2009, there are 9522 total branches of banks in Pakistan which shows an increase of 376 branches in banking sector from the 3rd quarter of 2009. Moreover, the asset base of banking sector has shown a growth of 7 percent over the last quarter. (Yasmin, Jehan, Chaudhary, 2006) explains that after independence in 1947, Pakistan avoided trade openness because of weak industrial structure. In 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, industrial base was laid and manufacturing industry expanded widely in Pakistan. However, industrial expansion face setback in 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s due to nationalization of industries. In 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, IMF and World Bank provided facilities to the Pakistan in order to initiate the financial restructuring in country. A loan of $150 million and $200 Million was provided for this purpose under à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Financial sector adjustment loanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in 1989 and 1997 respectively. Another project named as financial sector deepening and Intermediation project was initiated in 1995. The estimated worth of that project was $216 million. (Hanif, 2002) Despite of the remarkable performance since last two decades, the banking sector of Pakistan is less developed and remains small in relation to the economy, when it is compared to the other banking sectors of the world. This shows that a number of financial and banking needs are still ignored and that much of the economic potential of Pakistan is not achieved yet. LITERATURE REVIEW (Christopoulos Tsionas, 2004) states there is no one opinion of economist on the issue of financial development and growth of economy. (Pagano, 1993) describes that savings are mobilized towards the productive investment due to financial deepening which helps in improving corporate governance. (Khan Qayyum, 2007) says there are three major channels through which financial development can affect economic growth (i) marginal productivity of capital can be increased (ii) savings are directed towards the investment (iii) level of private saving rate can be increased. The relationship of economic growth and financial development was first discussed by (Goldsmith, 1969), (McKinnon, 1973) and (Shaw, 1973). Their study shows that there is a positive relationship between financial development and the level of output i.e. when the financial market will increase the credit level, the investment will increase thus, showing that real income and real interest rate is a positive function of financial development. (Yu Gan, 2010) study shows that due to positive real interest rate, the mobilization of savings of banks increases and it also increases the growth with the increase in volume and productivity of capital. (Yanikkaya, 2003) argues that trade openness has a significant impact on the GDP share. In developing countries, trade openness creates new opportunities to increase the growth process and hence the unemployment level decrease. (Jin, 2000) states that trade openness facilitates in establishing the development process. Moreover, local technology and production process can be improved through trade liberalization. One school of thoughts is of view that the financial liberalization is also a major contributor towards the financial development in developing countries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Financial liberalization means the deregulation of domestic financial markets and liberalization of the capital account.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Attaullah, Cockerill, Le, 2004) empirically shows that the effectiveness of banking sector is improved following the financial liberalization. (Bekaert, Harvey, Lundblad, 2005) Suggests that there is a significant relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth. However, (Stiglitz, 2000) argues that increase in financial liberalization enhances the macro economic vulnerability of nations and chances of crises becomes significant. The study of (Gong, Lee, Chen, 2004) supported the fact that increase in financial liberalization can cause crisis. (Wyplosz, 2001) suggested that financial liberalization is effective if the objective is to increase the competition and d ecrease the monopoly powers. However, financial liberalization is quite risky for developing countries. Many developing countries in Asia and Europe have grown faster even with strong financial restraints. MODEL SPECIFICATION Based on the above literature, we can propose that in Pakistan, banking sector development is a function of real Gross Domestic Products (RGDP), Discount date (DR) and Trade openness (TO) and Financial Liberalization (FL). This can also be shown as BSD Pak = f (RGDP, RI, TO, FL) Where, BSD Pak = Banking Sector Development of Pakistan In this study, we have used following models which are estimated by using least square techniques. In model 1, we will use Liquid liabilities as the indicator of banking sector development. In model 2, Private Sector Credit will be used as the indicator of banking sector development where as in model 3, domestic credit will be used as the indicator of banking sector development. (Yu Gan, 2010) ln LL= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²1ln RGDP+ ÃŽÂ ²2 DR + ÃŽÂ ²3TO+ ÃŽÂ ²4FL + e ln PRI= ÃŽÂ ²o+ ÃŽÂ ²1ln RGDP+ ÃŽÂ ²2 DR + ÃŽÂ ²3 TO+ ÃŽÂ ²4FL+ e ln DC= ÃŽÂ ²o+ÃŽÂ ²1ln RGDP+ ÃŽÂ ²2 DR + ÃŽÂ ²3 TO+ ÃŽÂ ²4FL+ e where, ln LL= Natural logarithm of liquid liabilities ln PRI= Natural logarithm of Private sector Credit ln DC= Natural logarithm of Domestic Credit Data source: We have used annual data from 1970 to 2007 in this study. The data is obtained from the World Bank database and international financial statistics. However, Financial Liberalization Index of Pakistan, constructed by (Waliullah, 2010) is used in this study. Real GDP (RGDP) is calculated by using following formula EMPIRICAL METHODOLOGY In this study, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique has been used. In order to run the OLS model, order of integration of every variable is determined. There are two methods to examine the order of integration i.e. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and Phillps-Perron test. In this study, we will use ADF test for examining weather the data is stationary or non-stationary. We will run co-integration test when all variables becomes stationary at same level. The generalized form of data has been used in this study. In model 1, liquid liabilities have been used as an indicator of banking sector development. Table 1 show that Real GDP, Financial Liberalization and Trade openness are statistically significant and Discount rate is not statistically significant to the development of banking sector in Pakistan. However, Trade openness is inversely related with liquid liabilities which means that increase in trade openness will eventually affects the development of banking sector. While, Real GDP and Financial liberalization have a significant impact on the banking sector development i.e. higher Real GDP and Financial Liberalization in Pakistan will leads towards development of banking sector. R square is (.99) which shows substantial explanation of independent variables in dependent variables. Table 2. OLS Results of Model 2 (Private Sector Credit) Dependent Variable: PRI Method: Least Squares Date: 01/24/11 Time: 16:16 Sample: 1970 2007 Included observations: 38 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. RGDP -7.684614 5.715274 -1.344575 0.1879 TO -7.525119 3.603842 -2.088082 0.0446 DR 25.87713 9.222809 2.805775 0.0084 FL -0.204028 1.108112 -0.184122 0.8550 C 0.033118 0.090551 0.365739 0.7169 R-squared 0.343149 Mean dependent var 0.041883 Adjusted R-squared 0.263531 S.D. dependent var 0.648747 S.E. of regression 0.556741 Akaike info criterion 1.788644 Sum squared resid 10.22868 Schwarz criterion 2.004116 Log likelihood -28.98424 F-statistic 4.309923 Durbin-Watson stat 1.880175 Prob(F-statistic) 0.006483 In model 2, we have used Private sector credit as an indicator of development of banking sector in Pakistan. Results of table 2 indicate that discount rate and trade openness have significant impact on the development of banking sector. However, Trade openness is inversely related to the banking sector development. Financial liberalization and Real GDP are not found statistically significant. R square of model 2 is (.34) which shows that independent variables are explaining 34 % of the dependent variable. OLS Results of Model 3 (Domestic Credit) Dependent Variable: DC Method: Least Squares Date: 01/24/11 Time: 16:20 Sample: 1970 2007 Included observations: 38 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. RGDP 0.289400 0.002316 124.9755 0.0000 TO -0.007190 0.001983 -3.626526 0.0010 DR 0.014020 0.005240 2.675496 0.0115 FL 0.001211 0.000307 3.938439 0.0004 C -6.23E-06 4.61E-06 -1.351692 0.1857 R-squared 0.999939 Mean dependent var -1.15E-05 Adjusted R-squared 0.999931 S.D. dependent var 0.003380 S.E. of regression 2.80E-05 Akaike info criterion -18.00387 Sum squared resid 2.59E-08 Schwarz criterion -17.78840 Log likelihood 347.0735 F-statistic 134392.7 Durbin-Watson stat 1.559156 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 In model 3, we have used domestic credit as an indicator of banking sector development. Results of table 3 indicate that all variables are statistically significant to the development of banking sector of Pakistan. R square of model 3 is (.99) which shows that independent variables have a significant impact on the dependent variable. (Goldsmith, 1969) As mentioned above, generalized form of data has been used in this study and numbers of tests have been applied on these three models and there is no serial correlation, heteroscedasticity. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION The results of this study shows that Trade openness is inversely related to the development of banking sector in Pakistan in all three models which validates the findings of (Siddiqui Iqbal, 2005) that Trade openness negatively affects the economic growth of a country. However these results are not according to the findings of (Miller Upadhyay, 2000) which states that trade openness leads to the development of financial sector. Moreover this study also does not support the findings of (Yu Gan, 2010) which states that trade openness have no impact on the development of banking sector. In case of Liquid liabilities as indicator of banking sector development, it is clear that Real GDP and Financial liberalization have the significant impact on the development of banking sector of Pakistan. This result is according to the findings of (Yu Gan, 2010) and (Attaullah et al, 2004) which show that Real GDP and Financial Liberalization significantly impact the banking sector development. It means that increase in Real GDP and Financial Liberalization will lead the banking sector of Pakistan towards prosperity. In case of Private sector credit as the indicator of banking sector development, it is found that discount rate is statistically significant to the banking sector development. It means that increase in discount rate will lead towards increase in private sector credit which will eventually results in financial sector development. However, financial liberalization was found inversely related to the banking sector development and Real GDP was not found significant which is against the findings of (Yu Gan, 2010) which identifies that Real GDP has a significant impact on the development of financial sector of Pakistan when Private sector credit is taken as indicator of banking sector development. In case of Domestic credit as indicator of development of banking sector, results shows that all four variables are statistically significant to the financial sector development which are according to the findings of (Rajan Zingales, 1998), (Cetorelli Gambera, 2001) which states that Financial Liberalization and Real GDP significantly impact the development of financial sector. PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATIONS FOR BANKING SECTOR On the basis of the findings of this study, we can conclude that trade openness is having inverse relationship with the banking sector development. As a result of Trade openness, the less developed banking sector of Pakistan faces tough competition from the developed financial sector of other countries. Moreover, increase in trade openness increases the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exposure to international shocks i.e. if any economy faces will suffer a crisis, there will be more chance of transferring crisis in Pakistan. Discount rate is also found significant in this study when Private sector credit and Domestic credit was used as an indicator of banking sector development. When the discount rate will be high, financial institutions will be encouraged to get loan from state bank of Pakistan. Banks usually uses discount rate as benchmark interest rate when they further lend the money to borrowers. So increasing the discount rate will eventually lead the banking sector to development.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Raising the Driving Age

For at least the last ten years, the issue of whether or not to raise the driving age to 18 years old has been a touchy subject on every level of the spectrum; from State Highway Safety Association to teenagers and everybody in between. Although everyone has some degree of approval that raising the driving age would be a good idea no one has really put forth the effort to actually have it come to pass. This has lead to the ongoing debate of whether it should even be a consideration anymore.There are several reasons that establishing the driving age at 18 is a legitimate idea. First, by having the driving age moved to the minimum of 18 this can be both environmentally and economically commendable. Also, teenagers under the age of 18 are more mentally underdeveloped when it comes to making sound decisions on the road, which then leads teenagers to having one of the highest fatality rates involving automobiles. Global warming has become key issue all over the world, especially in more o ver-crowded counties and cities, due to higher volume of emissions being released into the air.In the year 2000, the Carbon Emissions that are released into the air by cars in the United States is 302 Million Metric tons (MMTc) (Environmental). In that same year, there were 190 million licensed drivers in the United States, and 9,743,000 were drivers under the age of 19 (U. S), that’s five percent of the population. I know it doesn’t seem like that much but when you take in consideration the total emissions being released into the air and multiply it by the number of teenage drivers, that will reduce the amount of emissions by 15. MMTc. People are desperate to help stop global warming; one way we can do this is to reduce the amount of drivers on the roads and create a more accessible public transportation in rural areas. Increasing the age for driving would also be beneficial to parents of teen drivers due to the fact that insuring a teen driver is very expensive. A re cent study, in 2009-2010 for a one-car family to insure their teen-driver would raise their premium 42 percent, 58 percent for a two-car family and 62 percent for a three-car family (Schultz).An average of $620 dollars a year is what parents pay to add their child to their insurance (Bradford). That is one child, I come from a family of five and eleven years ago, when I turned sixteen my parents already had two teen drivers on their auto insurance and we were living off two teacher salaries. By the year 2000 the average teacher in Texas was making 37,576 (IES); that would leave them with a combined income of just over 75 thousand a year.Paying an average of $620 dollars per teen driver wouldn’t have gone over well with living expenses, so needless to say, I got my divers license but I wasn’t able to drive until I was 18. There are always two sides to an argument, Parents grow weary of driving their kids for one place to the next; interrupting their own busy schedules t o drive their teen to their next social event. Bill Van Tassel, AAA’s National manager for driving training programs says â€Å"We have parents who are pretty much tired of chauffeuring their kids around, and just want them to be able to drive† (Davis).This is completely understandable, with today’s busy world no one has time for anything but does it really merit putting a population of underdeveloped minds behind the wheel for our own convenience? Which brings me to my next point; are teens mentally mature enough to be granted with the responsibility of driving a car? In 2005, new findings in brain research at the National Institutes of Health explain why efforts to protect teen drivers usually fail. The scientists at the NIH in Bethesda, Md. have found that a part of the brain that weighs risks, makes judgments and controls impulse behavior which is referred to as â€Å"the executive branch† is still developing in teenage years and isn’t fully ma tured until the age of 25 (Davis). These findings should be proof alone that teens are too immature to handle the responsibilities that come with driving a car. Teens are already emotional and compulsive more so then most adults, giving them keys to a vehicle could be potentially one of the worse ideas in history.Teens don’t process consequences the same way adults do, they rely more on the emotional part of their brains to make their decisions. Which is why when a teen is driving 15 to 20 miles over the speed limit the part of their brain that processes thrill is working brilliantly; But the part that cautions of negative consequences, is all but useless, explains Jay Giedd, chief of brain imaging in the child psychiatric unit at the National Institute of Mental Health (Davis). Parents see their newly licensed teen river as additional help for running errands and taking younger siblings to events and practices, but when it comes to handling issues that may arise on the road to and from their destination; teenagers just don’t have the mental maturity to consider the consequences of risky behavior. When I was still in high school two friends of mine were bragging one morning of their reckless and very dangerous excursion across town in the pouring rain without their windshield wipers on, just because they wanted to see how far they could go.I would advocate this as a true example, that teenagers are indeed too immature and reckless to be given the responsibilities of driving. Of course one would argue that not all teenagers are as immature and irresponsible as most, in fact there are some parents that would make their teen a poster-child for safe driving; but there are always exceptions to the rules. Adolescent drivers no matter how responsible they prove themselves to be don’t have the mental development to properly react to hazardous situations that arise on the road.The research above leads to my next topic, Due to their inability to ass es dangers that come up while driving, a teen driver is more likely to be involved in or the cause of an automobile accident. In 2009, about 3,000 teens in the United States aged 15–19 were killed and  more than 350,000 were treated in emergency departments for injuries suffered in motor-vehicle crashes (CDC). With this information, one would wonder why the driving age has yet to be raised.Yet, despite the increasing number of teens dying in automotive accidents, there has yet to be a successful bill passed to raise the driving age. In September of 2008, lawmakers in Delaware, Florida, Georgia and Massachusetts introduced a bill to raise their driving age to 17; they all failed (Rubin). Some people are lead to believe that raising the driving age will not prevent teen deaths, rather just delay them, because maturity has no weight on teen driving, it’s all down to experience; It is this rational that is keeping teen drivers behind the wheel.Most states have a probatio nary period where teen must follow guidelines such as: * Night driving is prohibited for the first six months unless he/ she are accompanied by a licensed driver. * A passenger limitation of only one passenger under the age of 20 for the first six months unless a parent or guardian is present. * During the second six months only three passengers under 20 (Pabst) These restrictions have had only modest success, but with the judgment center of the teen brain not fully developed there remains a struggle to instill decision making skills in immature drivers (Davis).Most of these restrictions are left to the parents to enforce and these poorly enforced restrictions don’t seem to be helping stop the high volume of deaths due to irresponsible teenager’s being given the right to drive. In 2006, my father was killed in accident involving a teenage driver, who neglected to follow the speed limit, and disregarded the stopped school bus with its lights on, and plowed right into th e back of the vehicle behind my father causing it to hit my father on his motorcycle. I don’t know what she was doing to completely miss the big yellow stopped school bus, and the car right next to it, but it cost my father his life.The only argument against the high rate of death and injury cause by the sober mind of a teenager, are the high number of deaths caused by intoxicated driver. In 2003, 10 percent of the 16-year-old deaths in automobile accidents had a blood alcohol level of 0. 10 or higher compared to the 43 percent of 20- 49 year-olds drivers, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (Davis). The government has made it illegal to drive intoxicated to protect the lives of their people, so why can’t they raise the driving age to save even more lives?Raising the driving age is something that should be taken with the highest regard, but there are people who don’t quite understand the severity of this particular situation and would simply argue that driving there teen around is an inconvenience to them and a frustration for their teen. In actuality by having the driving age moved to the minimum for 18 can be both environmentally and economically commendable. Also, teenagers under the age of 18 are more mentally immature when it comes to making sound decisions on the road, which then leads teenagers to having one of the highest fatality rates involving automobiles.Having an understanding of the matter is very important; people shouldn’t ignore this topic just because it doesn’t fit into today’s busy and ever growing world.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Top Guide of Argumentative Essay Topics Technology Privacy

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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Celebrate Holidays and Special Days in February

Calendars: January | February | March | April | May | June |July | August | September | October | November | December Celebrate a holiday or special day every day in February. Learn about holidays you never heard of. Be sure to check back every day for recipes, crafts, games and lots more fun things to do. Enjoy! February Icons - These icons match the events on the February Fundays Calendar. They are designed to be used as each event is learned about. The icons can be glued onto the February Coloring Calendar. February Seasonal Specials: Black History Month - Famous Firsts PrintablesDental Health Month PrintablesWinter Fun; Winter PrintablesGroundhog Day Printables Valentines Day Fun: Valentines Day PrintablesValentines Day CardsPrintable Valentines Day Coupon Book for KidsValentines Day PoemsValentines Day TeaValentines Day Fun February 1 - Robinson Crusoe, Space Shuttle Disaster and Baked Alaska Robinson Crusoe DaySpace Shuttle Columbia DisasterNational Baked Alaska Day February 2 - Groundhogs, Zeppelins and Treaties Groundhog DayZeppelin Crashes into North SeaTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Signed February 3 - Voting, Income Tax and Carrot Cake 15th Amendment RatifiedIncome Tax BirthdayNational Carrot Cake DayElmos Birthday February 4 - Lindbergh, Washington and Galoshes National Stuffed Mushroom DayCharles Lindberghs BirthdayFirst US Presidential ElectionSnickers Candy Bar 1st For Sale February 5 - Weather, Mexico and Family Leave National Weatherpersons Day; Weather PrintablesMexico: Constitution DayFamily and Medical Leave ActHank Aarons Birthday February 6 - Reagan, Massachusetts and Babe Ruth Ronald Reagans BirthdayBabe Ruths BirthdayMassachusetts DayNational Frozen Yogurt Day February 7 - The Beatles, John Deere and Spacewalk The Beatles Tour AmericaJohn Deeres BirthdayFirst Untethered SpacewalkCharles Dickens BirthdayNational Fettuccine Alfredo DayJohn Deeres Birthday February 8 - Boy Scouts, Radios and Kites Radio Installed in White HouseKite Flying DayBoy Scouts Day February 9 - Harrison, Hershey and Toothaches William Harrisons BirthdayHersheys Chocolate Founded; Chocolate PrintablesToothache DayThe Beatles make first live TV AppearanceNational Bagels and Lox Day February 10 - Umbrellas, Fire Extinguishers and Swimming Umbrella DayFire Extinguisher PatentMark Spitz BirthdaySchool Day February 11 - Edison, Inventors and Japan Thomas Edisons BirthdayNational Inventors DayJapan: Foundation DayDont Cry Over Spilled Milk Day February 12 - Abraham Lincoln, First Ladies and Savannah Abraham Lincolns BirthdayLouisa Adams BirthdaySavannah Founded February 13 - First Ladies, Magazines and Germany Bess Trumans BirthdayFirst Magazine PublishedGerman ReunificationPenicillin 1st Used On Humans February 14 - Valentines Day, States and Ferris Wheels Valentines Day Activities - Printable Valentines Day Cards and ActivitiesArizona Admission DayOregon Admission DayFirst Presidential PhotographFerris Wheel DayRead to Your Child Day February 15 - Susan B. Anthony, Galileo, Sutter and Gumdrops Susan B. Anthonys BirthdayGalileo Galileis BirthdayJohn Sutters BirthdayNational Gumdrop Day February 16 - Studebakers, Helicopters and King Tut Studebaker Company FoundedFirst 911 CallKing Tuts Burial Chamber Unsealed1st Commercial Helicopter FlewNational Almond Day February 17 - Kindness, Sardines and Crabs Random Acts of Kindness Day/WeekFirst Canned Sardines PackagedChampionship Crab Races DayMichael Jordans Birthday February 18 - Pluto, Statue of Liberty and Vacuums Presidents Day:George WashingtonAbraham LincolnPluto DiscoveredStatue of Liberty Design PatentVacuum Cleaner PatentedNational Crab Stuffed Flounder Day February 19 - Lincoln Boyhood, Phonograph and Internment Lincoln Boyhood National Park EstablishedEdisons Phonograph PatentedJapanese American Internment February 20 - Post Office, Figure Skating and Cherry Pie U.S. Post Office Department CreatedYoungest Figure Skating Gold MedalistNational Cherry Pie DayJohn Glenn Orbited the EarthToothpick Patented February 21 - Presidents, Monuments and Telephone Books President Nixon Visits ChinaMardi Gras DayWashington Monument DedicatedFirst Telephone DirectoryNational Sticky Bun Day1st US Brain Operation February 22 - George Washington, Popcorn and Boy Scouts George Washingtons BirthdayPopcorn Introduced to ColonistsFirst Presidential Radio BroadcastRobert Baden-Powells Birthday February 23 - Gutenberg Bible, Iwo Jima and Tennis Gutenberg Bible Mass-producedIwo Jima DayTennis DayNational Banana Bread DayNational Dog Biscuit Day February 24 - Fairy Tales, Mexico and Steam Shovels Wilhelm Carl Grimms BirthdayMexico: Flag DaySteam Shovel PatentNational Tortilla Chip Day1st Multi-Stage Rocket February 25-Revolvers, Greenbacks and Clam Chowder Six-Shooter Revolver PatentedLegal Tender Act PassedNational Clam Chowder DayHen Laid the Largest Egg February 26 - National Parks, Levis and Fairy Tales Grand Canyon National Park EstablishedGrand Teton National Park EstablishedLevi Strauss BirthdayTell a Fairy Tale Day February 27 - Polar Bears, Leaning Towers and Strawberries Tower of Pisa 1st LeanedInternational Polar Bear DayNational Strawberry Day February 28 - Republicans, Railroads and Territories Republican Party FoundedBaltimore and Ohio Railroad IncorporatedTerritory of Colorado Organized February 29 (Next Leap Year - 2012) Leap Year DayHank Aaron Signs Record-breaking DealEisenhower Seeks a 2nd Term